A supercapacitor (or ultracapacitor) differs from an ordinary capacitor in two important ways: its plates effectively have a much bigger area and the distance between them is much smaller, because the separator between them works in a different way to a conventional dielectric. Although the words “supercapacitor” and “ultracapacitor” are often used interchangeably, there is a difference: they are usually built from different materials and structured in slightly different ways, so they store different amounts of energy. For the purposes of this simple introduction, we’ll assume they’re the same thing.
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SUPER CAPACITOR – 2.7V 100000F
SUPER CAPACITOR – 2.7V 120000F
SUPER CAPACITOR – 2.7V 150000F
Like an ordinary capacitor, a supercapacitor has two plates that are separated. The plates are made from metal coated with a porous substance such as powdery, activated charcoal, which effectively gives them a bigger area for storing much more charge. Imagine electricity is water for a moment: where an ordinary capacitor is like a cloth that can mop up only a tiny little spill, a supercapacitor’s porous plates make it more like a chunky sponge that can soak up many times more. Porous supercapacitor plates are electricity sponges!
In a supercapacitor, there is no dielectric as such. Instead, both plates are soaked in an electrolyte and separated by a very thin insulator (which might be made of carbon, paper, or plastic). When the plates are charged up, an opposite charge forms on either side of the separator, creating what’s called an electric double-layer, maybe just one molecule thick (compared to a dielectric that might range in thickness from a few microns to a millimeter or more in a conventional capacitor). This is why supercapacitors are often referred to as double-layer capacitors, also called electric double-layer capacitors or EDLCs). If you look at the lower diagram in the artwork, you’ll see how a supercapacitor resembles two ordinary capacitors side by side.
The capacitance of a capacitor increases as the area of the plates increases and as the distance between the plates decreases. In a nutshell, supercapacitors get their much bigger capacitance from a combination of plates with a bigger, effective surface area (because of their activated charcoal construction) and less distance between them (because of the very effective double layer).
Future of Energy 